Administration
- Focus: Higher-level, overall direction and policy-making for an organization or entity.
- Scope: Broader, encompassing the entire organization and its strategic goals.
- Decision-making: Primarily concerned with setting objectives, formulating policies, and determining overall direction.
Management
- Focus: Implementation of plans and achieving organizational goals through the effective use of resources (people, money, materials).
- Scope: More specific, dealing with day-to-day operations and managing individual departments or teams.
- Decision-making: Focuses on operational decisions, such as resource allocation, staffing, and problem-solving within specific departments.
Bureaucracy
- Focus: A system of organization characterized by a hierarchical structure, formal rules, and a division of labor.
- Scope: Can apply to various organizations, including governments and large corporations.
- Key Features: Emphasis on rules, regulations, and procedures; often associated with slow decision-making and a lack of flexibility.